Everything about Sarmisegetusa totally explained
Sarmisegetuza (also
Sarmisegetusa, Sarmisegethusa, Sarmisegethuza) was the most important
Dacian military, religious and political centre. Erected on top of a
crag 1,200
metres high, the fortress was the core of the strategic defensive system in the
Orăştie Mountains (in present-day
Romania), comprising six citadels.
The fortress, a
quadrilateral formed by massive stone blocks (
murus dacicus), was constructed on five terraces, on an area of almost 30,000
m². Sarmizegetusa also had a sacred precinct—among the most important and largest circular and rectangular Dacian sanctuaries the famous Circular Calendar Sanctuary is included.
The civilians lived around the fortress, down the mountain on man-made terraces. Dacian nobility had flowing water, brought through ceramic pipes, in their residences. The archaeological inventory found at the site shows that Dacian society had a high standard of living.
The Dacian capital reached its acme under
King Decebal who fought two wars against the
Emperor Trajan of the
Roman Empire in 101-102 and 105-106, the second culminating in the
Battle of Sarmisegetusa, and the defeat of the Dacians. The Roman conquerors established a military garrison there. Later, the capital of
Roman Dacia was named after the Dacian capital—Colonia
Ulpia Traiana Augusta Dacica Sarmizegetusa, established 40
km from the ruined Dacian capital.
All the
six fortresses—Sarmizegetusa,
Blidaru,
Piatra Roşie,
Costeşti,
Căpâlna and
Baniţa—that formed the defensive system of Decebalus are part of a
UNESCO World heritage site.
Sarmizegetusa is also the name of a
commune in modern-day Romania, in the
Ţara Haţegului depression,
Hunedoara County, where the ruins of Colonia Ulpia Traiana Augusta Dacica Sarmizegetusa are located. This second city was the biggest city in Roman Dacia, with a partly conserved forum, an amphitheatre, and several temples. The city was destroyed by the
Goths.
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